Engineering ceramics are brittle and difficult to machine materials, using traditional processing methods

Engineering Ceramics less susceptible to oxidation, corrosion resistant, high temperature and abrasion and excellent performance. With the development of processing technology, it has the possibility of substitution of other materials, but is also brittle engineering ceramics materials difficult to machine using conventional  synthetic diamond , to high processing costs, low processing efficiency, the processing quality is not satisfactory, and there are special shape processing requirements of the product is difficult to accomplish, limiting its range of applications. For  cutting tools , the abrasive water jet (AWJ) processing is cost-effective non-traditional processing techniques, it is not thermal, electrical, and chemical reaction process, the workpiece does not produce metallurgical, chemical or physical properties changes.

Abrasive jet is mixed with the fluid medium hard particles high pressure water jet

The oil is cleaned using sandblasting tubing with paint, but a lot of cleaning surface pitting, efficiency is not high. Abrasive Water Jet is a new development of a new type of high efficient jet,  Diamond blade  in many industries has been applied. In the UK, it is now generally believed that the metal surface treatment abrasive jet is the most appropriate method. The so-called fluid medium abrasive jet is hard particles are  synthetic diamond  water jet. After mixed abrasive jet is mixed with the appropriate concentration of abrasive slurry (such as quartz mortar body) delivered to the nozzle mixing chamber is injected into the mixing chamber high  abrasive grinding  jet acceleration, and went into the mixing tube, in mixing tube to obtain high-energy abrasive particles like high-velocity bullets sprayed into the work piece as inner and outer surfaces, the surface of the paint, rust, oil, etc. quickly clean up.

Radius horizontal well drilling technology by high-pressure water jet rock breaking

Into the nineties , the use of high technology to enhance the development of low permeability reservoirs and oil fields for enhanced oil recovery is to improve economic efficiency , ensure the stable development of an important measure. Radius horizontal well  synthetic diamond  by high-pressure water jet rock breaking , in the production of multi- layer direct drilled horizontal wells mouth radial distribution network , to achieve efficient development of low permeability reservoirs , the transformation of the old oil fields and enhanced oil recovery purposes,  polycrystalline diamond  in eastern China has good application prospects and strong vitality. The results from the preliminary study and field test situation, the use of rotating water jet in relatively soft formations or light oil in drilling, hole diameter of 80 ~ 110mm, to meet the requirements of oil and gas production , and have in depth about 1000m oil well drilled in  synthetic diamond powder  . However, if the radius horizontal well technology successfully applied even deeper reservoir depth of 2000m or harder formations , it is necessary to improve the jet rock breaking . Therefore, the purpose of utilization of abrasive water jet and rotary jet advantages and overcome their shortcomings , by experiment , researchers not only rock breaking ability, high drilling speed , but also has characteristics of drilling large diameter holes rotating abrasive jet . Abrasive Water Jet refers jet artificially added solid abrasive particles jet .

In confining pressure conditions, due to the simple jet or abrasive jet cavitation erosion crushing capacity increases with confining pressure decreases rapidly

If the energy of the jet can be fully utilized, then the erosion crushing capacity will further increase operational effectiveness will be greatly enhanced. In addition, with the development and utilization of marine resources accelerates, the deepwater drilling become an important direction of development at home and abroad, deep  grinding wheel  technology more  polycrystalline diamond  and attention. In confining pressure conditions, due to the simple jet or abrasive jet cavitation erosion  synthetic diamond  increases with confining pressure decreases rapidly, so the abrasive water jet cutting capacity to be improved. , Proposed the use of BP neural network to predict the depth of abrasive jet perforating rock breaking new method. By comparing the predicted values ​​with the experimental findings, the prediction accuracy of the method fully meet the engineering requirements for on-site applications provide theoretical support.

Complex non-linear relationship, the corresponding mathematical model is very difficult

Abrasive water jet perforation is a production by injection of technical measures is mainly used for low-yielding permeability, old wells, and other carbonate rocks cemented dense formations tip hole processing in order to improve the ability to penetrate the near wellbore, thereby to increase production by injection purposes. Since the nozzle diameter perforation depth, nozzle pressure drop, abrasive concentration, perforation time, displacement and lithology, and many other arguments,  synthetic diamond powder  is a complex nonlinear relationship, the corresponding mathematical model is very difficult. Artificial neural networks have the topological  synthetic diamond  a high degree of dynamic systems in parallel, it can be applied to effect the input state to obtain information output by the processing unit and a network to the connected components. Artificial  abrasive grinding  are the most widely error back propagation neural network, namely BP neural network, it has a powerful complex nonlinear function mapping capability. BP neural network technology used in the modeling of rock breaking perforation depth.

Cavitation abrasive jet coupling involves cavitation jet and abrasive water jet

Abrasive water jet cavitation ideas from muddy sand water conservancy and hydropower project construction and equipment for hydraulic blended abrasive damage. High head and large flow of water carrying sand concrete or metal materials can lead to the destruction of their scope  Diamond blade  or water cavitation wear is much more serious. Cavitation abrasive jet coupling involves cavitation jet  abrasive grinding  jet. Cavitation jet and abrasive water jet in petroleum engineering is widely available, such as self-resonating cavitating jet drills, abrasive jet perforating machinery to improve  abrasive wheels  speed, etc., play an important role in increasing oil recovery; coiled tubing drilling radial water Hirai technology, water jet assisted deep penetrating perforating fracturing technology is the use of abrasive water jet directly erosion casing and broken rocks.

Premixed abrasive water jet cutting brittle materials and plastic materials cutting mechanism

Previously mixed abrasive jet CNC system research, discusses in detail the overall program CNC system. Of CNC system hardware were designed and studied theoretically described the CNC system control software. On the relevant premixed abrasive water jet mechanism based on the study focuses on the premixed abrasive water jet cutting brittle materials and plastic materials cutting mechanism for premixed  cubic boron nitride  jet cutting technology popularization and application of theoretical support. Meanwhile, this paper uses a combination of theory and empirical methods, the cutting depth of the abrasive water jet mixing with the previous section  synthetic diamond  energy distribution, the establishment of premixed abrasive water jet cutting parametric equations. The data were obtained through experiments, and the Gaussian algorithm derived under the experimental conditions, steel cutting depth parameter equation.

Submerged state premixed abrasive water jet cutting concrete impact of the main parameters of the relationship with the cutting depth

Transformation and maintenance of the project , often involving cutting of concrete structures , such as construction and mining . Currently, broken concrete cutting that traditional methods ─ ─ mechanical cutting , drawback of the method is time-consuming , laborious , inefficient and working environment pollution. With new technologies emerging cutting , water jet cutting are also numerous reports of broken concrete , but premixed abrasive water jet underwater ( in a submerged state ) cutting concrete materials research has not been reported , and the submerged state cutting technology for the transformation of flooded mine and  synthetic diamond powder  are of great significance , therefore , experimental research in the submerged state premixed abrasive water jet cutting concrete impact on the main parameters of the relationship with the cutting depth . Premixed  synthetic diamond  jet cutting concrete underwater test apparatus including premixed abrasive water jet generating system and the target object ( specimen ) mobile systems and nozzle clamping devices. Premixed abrasive jet generating system has a piston implementation stage three supercharged , the abrasive tank is placed among the high-pressure circuit , so that the abrasive and water mix to form abrasive water jet through the nozzle , the target object ( specimen ) mobile systems with DC motor driven screw drive , thyristor rectifier circuit by adjusting the output voltage to achieve speed .

High degree of accuracy and surface roughness of the mirror at the same time the requirements of a growing demand for processing

Recently, the ceramics, semiconductors, and optical glass as the representative of brittle materials have become increasingly demanding precision, especially high degree of precision and mirror surface roughness also requires processing needs are growing, this abrasive wheels is known as ultra-precision mirror finish. For the semiconductor substrate, and computer hard drives and other parts of simple geometry, usually after the first  cutting tools , polishing processing methods. But for the outer cylindrical surface and complex aspherical mirror ultra-precision machining, grinding process must also meet the high shape accuracy and small surface roughness of the dual requirements.

On the material properties put forward higher requirements, forcing the research and development of materials to a deeper and more extensive expansion direction

As we all know , energy, materials and information are the three pillar industries of China's modernization , the material is vanguard , and its development is often the precursor of major grinding wheel change and signs , while the modern requirements of the development of new materials and gave a strong impetus. In recent years, such as electronics, heat , laser, aerospace technology, automatic control , energy and information processing , and many other areas of the rapid development of emerging technologies , the performance of the material put polycrystalline diamond requirements , forcing the research and development of materials to a deeper and more broad direction of expansion. As a new special ceramics , inorganic non-metallic materials , with its unique fine structure and multi-effect , a variety of performance rapidly and widely applied in materials  synthetic diamond  of vast areas stand out, to bring the ancient ceramics new vitality. This is because the melting point and hardness of the ceramic material than metal materials generally high, with also has good insulating properties and chemical stability ( especially resistance to corrosion , oxidation resistance ) , so that it is in many high technology applications in the field increasingly extensive. Wherein the oxide ceramic high temperature oxidation due superior performance, making it easier , cheaper , it is a large number of application areas and industrial production of a high-temperature materials . 2 Literature Review Alumina is an amphoteric compounds, ionic bonding , the Department of hexagonal crystals.

Hot isostatic pressing process and its influencing factors of fracture toughness and the corresponding toughening mechanisms

Cermet is an integrated high performance hard materials, wear, corrosion and heat resistance and other fields have broad application prospects. This paper uses X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and other experimental means of cermet sintering, hot isostatic pressing process and its influencing factors of fracture toughness and the corresponding  Abrasive grinding  mechanisms and other content a systematic study, and the fine grain Mo_2FeB_2 cermet technology for the preparation of preliminary exploration. First studied the sintering temperature, holding time, heating rate and sintering  synthetic diamond  on cermets and properties. The results showed that the sample in the liquid near the (1030 ℃ -1080 ℃) to 2 ℃ / min heating rate, by 1250 ℃ vacuum sintering 40min, to the contraction of its consistent tissue is relatively uniform, relatively good mechanical properties. Studied cermets hot  abrasive grinding  treatment process. The results show that the hot isostatic pressing treatment increases cermet hard phase particle size, particle consolidation and dissolution - precipitation mechanism is the main reason for the increase of their particle size.

To improve the mechanical properties of ceramic materials and performance

The intrinsic brittleness of ceramic materials is related to its ability to issue a widely used key issues. In order to improve the brittleness of ceramic materials to increase their  grinding wheel , scholars have proposed various countries over the years Toughening mechanisms such as particle dispersion toughening, transformation toughening, microcrack toughening and synergy toughening etc., and a variety of materials such as grain boundaries stress  cutting tools , so as to better improve the mechanical properties of ceramic materials and the use of performance, increase reliability of its work. However, current research and toughening toughening mechanism in the choice of methods and design and other aspects still need to be further expanded and deepened. As diamond allotrope of carbon one.

Diamond grinding wheel, and, also through high-temperature high-pressure sintering of polycrystalline diamond into a variety of shapes...

Diamond powder is so widely used, it not only can be directly used to produce diamond polishing paste (synthetic diamondlapping paste), diamond grinding wheel (synthetie diamond grinding wheels), but, also through high-temperature high-pressure sintering of polycrystalline diamond into a variety of shapes (synthetie polyerystalline diamonds). currently, the domestic diamond industry generally uses NIMnC. Flake catalyst  grinding wheel  compound of the JRI, JR: type low-grade diamond, after repeated grinding, pickling (ie crushing method) obtained after particle size ranging from  Abrasive grinding , such process operation cycle length, energy consumption, diamond high material loss; explosive detonation synthetic  Abrasive grinding wheel  (ie impact method) findings; while domestic cubic press on the direct synthesis of diamond powder (ie static method) for research, documentation publicly reported much. this selection of SY an I-type powder catalyst directly in the cubic press last synthesized diamond powder, and its results are analyzed and discussed.

Metal powder and diamond powder wettability of different characteristics, in order to guide the choice of metal powder system

Diamond powder compacts in the role of high-power CO2 laser sintering process . Combined with diamond powder and metal powder bonded microscopic analysis of the state introduced the metal powder and diamond powder infiltrating the different characteristics of the metal powder system to guide the selection and design . Established a  synthetic diamond  powder sintering laser power and scanning speed with the relationship between the basic framework to facilitate the process parameter selection , design and optimization. Process Study showed that: ① sintered in a non- protective  cutting tools  Ti powder compacts is more susceptible to oxidation , powder for powder wettability is poor, wear resistance is lower. ② amount of laser power increases ( amount of the scanning speed decreases ) , is conducive to the densification of sintered parts and strong carbide forming elements on the diamond powder infiltration , but if the energy of the laser input  abrasive grinding  a certain threshold will result in fine powder burning . When the spot diameter is 8.5mm , the laser power of 550W, scanning speed 1100mm/min under sintering conditions , powder sintering tool has the best performance. ③ The same process parameters , since the laser heating and compacts composition non-uniformity , surface state powder and metal binding properties and differences . For the laser sintering process in a variety of different phenomena , the sintering mechanism were studied intensively .

Purification process of the ultra-fine diamond powder grading

Particle size and distribution width of two key technical indicators are in line with international advanced standards diamond powder classification technology. The paper also explores the purification process of the ultrafine diamond powder grading, purification and grading will combine. The reagent-treated fine powder was washed by , adding a certain proportion of the surface active agent, and observed under the microscope. By a large number of experiments, we developed a new purification method for fine diamond powder: the dedicated reagent strong  synthetic diamond , prepared open diamond agglomerates formed during impurities, which is due to high temperature and pressure such that the resultant diamond single crystal particles and the reaction raw materials, additives, catalysts and other  abrasive grinding  together and form, thus increasing the contact area of ​​the reagent, the effect to improve the decomposition of impurities, finally obtained purified to more than 99.95% ultra-fine diamond powder.

Processing of heavy large diameter thin-walled workpieces CNC machining aspects of our strengths

Processing of heavy large diameter thin-walled workpieces CNC machining aspects of our strengths, including large pitch trapezoidal thread processing is particularly prominent. We use imported carbide coated tools, make full use of CNC lathes lateral approach and alternate feed function to complete processing of thin-walled workpieces  synthetic diamond  thread. Have introduced a large number of world advanced CNC machine tools, high-speed five-axis machining centers, CNC machine tools in the introduction of these advanced and promoted, in the design, manufacture of  cutting tools  the original two-dimensional to three-dimensional design changes, product development from the ground to space products , diversified products. Thin, contoured, complex, difficult materials and other parts, is often encountered in routine work. In the CNC production process of many factors affecting the quality of products: machine tool performance and accuracy, processing steps, processing parameters, and trajectory of the tool, a reasonable method of clamping, cutting fluids, tool selection.

The introduction of a large number of world advanced CNC machine tools, high-speed five-axis machining centers

Processing of heavy large diameter thin-walled workpieces CNC machining aspects of our strengths, including large pitch trapezoidal thread processing is particularly prominent. We use imported carbide coated tools, make full use of CNC lathes lateral approach and alternate feed function to complete processing of thin-walled workpieces  synthetic diamond  thread. Have introduced a large number of world advanced CNC machine tools, high-speed five-axis machining centers, CNC machine tools in the introduction of these advanced and promoted, in the design, manufacture of  cutting tools  the original cubic boron nitride to three-dimensional design changes, product development from the ground to space products , diversified products. Thin, contoured, complex, difficult materials and other parts, is often encountered in routine work. In the CNC production process of many factors affecting the quality of products: machine tool performance and accuracy, processing steps, processing parameters, and trajectory of the tool, a reasonable method of clamping, cutting fluids, tool selection.

Conductor roundness measuring mainly by workers and frequent stops rolling wheels by adjusting the position of the right or the distance to complete

The advantages and disadvantages of ordinary carbide dies circular compacted stranded conductor production, was first layered twisted after rolling through multiple sets of  abrasive wheels  forming. Conductor  abrasive grinding  measuring mainly by workers and frequent stops rolling wheels by adjusting the position of the right or the distance to complete, require production workers have a higher technology and rich experience.  Diamond blade , this makes the control of the artificial stranded conductors are still generated when angular, round surface is poor, affecting the electrical properties of the cable, increasing the likelihood of breakdown of the cable. Later, as people used a circular carbide drawing die constant awareness will be applied on the conductor strands pressed molding process.

Surface smoothness directly affects the quality of the conductor shield layer

Rated voltage XLPE insulated power cable conductors usually circular compacted stranded conductor, the surface smoothness will directly affect the quality of the conductor and the cable shield using life.  synthetic diamond  pressed in two ways: one is  abrasive wheels  pressed; Another is pressed mold pull pullout. Pressed by the cable conductor molding pressed after drawing, bright surface, precise size. Based on the nano-diamond composite coating die and pressed analysis and comparison of ordinary carbide dies that nano-diamond coating pressed mold has long service life, high production efficiency, low manufacturing cost and quality advantages.

Tool and mold applications is extremely frequent

In the process of manufacturing machinery and equipment , tool and mold applications is extremely frequent , improve the working life of the tool and die , it can effectively reduce costs and improve labor productivity and reduce labor intensity . So, in what way to improve the performance of the tool and die is the easiest and most effective of synthetic diamond  and engineers first thought was coating technology , that is, to the original tool or mold as the substrate , coated with a hard wearing , low friction coating , you can have a multiplier effects. In a variety of coatings , is naturally the most desirable diamond ( diamond ) coating it. If you can put the magic diamond coat , the tool and mold can be more functional layers on the building. Diamond : Fascinating not only due to the beautiful synthetic diamond powder  diamond ( diamond ) is extremely precious stones , in people 's eyes flashing light it is often a symbol of status and wealth . However, there are many excellent  abrasive wheels  and chemical properties known : it is the highest hardness , thermal conductivity, preferably , also has excellent optical performance , not only with ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light , but also by X-ray microwave ; diamond excellent chemical stability , capability at room temperature almost all chemical reagents ;

Diamond cutter running direction (direction scribing)

Grating ruling machine known as " precision machinery of the King" , its main working principle is to use the diamond cutter in a raster scored on an aluminum substrate having a certain shape groove array. It includes two orthogonal directions of motion , the direction of the grating substrate ( indexing direction) and the running direction of the diamond cutter ( scribing direction ) . Movement in both  synthetic diamond  precise fit , forming a periodic groove , grating ruling machine working process diagram depicts the process of the grating , the grating with the movement of the substrate , diamond tool within the specified time  cutting tools  and fall, lift off the knife process takes as much as possible to keep running stability , otherwise, it will cause the grating substrate and scored rail vibration , resulting in deterioration of the quality grating ruling lines . Lift off the knife speed and height should be adjusted according to the technical  grinding wheel  of real-time , off the knife position should reach micron level precision . In addition, the characterization before , according to the grating ruling process requirements , the need for preparation of diamond tool to adjust the adjusting work completed by the craftsmen , which requires lift off knife mechanism can be controlled manually . Traditional grating ruling machine uses a mechanical lift off knife mechanism , there is poor stability, mechanical structure complicated maneuver, precision and low defects , which directly affect ruled grating quality and production efficiency .

Vibration will increase kerf loss and noise

Circular saw blade circular saw blade vibration vibration analysis is in its equilibrium position blade reciprocating lateral movement. Blade vibration caused by external interference, and the performance of a certain "class." Vibration will increase kerf  cubic boron nitride  reduction sawing accuracy and shorten life. Most common blade vibrations can be viewed as a number of the sum of single vibration mode. Only in the case of blade  grinding wheel  showed only a single mode of vibration. Every single vibration mode is at a certain vibration frequency and vibration of a specific type. Modal wave by an integer number m and pitch diameter node number n description of every single modal vibration frequency.

Costs and the environmental pressure

Control and reduce the vibration of circular saw blades, for improving surface quality and precision cutting, sawing road loss reduction, reduce cutting noise level, it is important to extend the service life of the blade. The shortage of raw materials, costs and  cubic boron nitride  pressures, wood processing industry, strictly control the machining process parameters, reducing processing losses, improve material volume ratio is  synthetic diamond  in the past four decades on the circular saw blade dynamic stability studies have made ​​considerable progress, especially in the past twenty years, has also been widely used in various engineering circular saw for cutting materials, and therefore, saw dynamic stability studies also bound to have a greater development.

Single sawing two to three times increase in productivity

Circular saw's single to double, single to multi-processing method is widely used in recent years in Fujian new technology. This process makes circular saw production efficiency than the original single sawing productivity increased two to three times the power  Synthetic diamond , diamond blade consumption greatly reduced, so that the natural stone such a  Diamond blade , hard, materials favored by the people across the threshold of the high prices, into a luxury building, hall, museum, the; into the average home. 'Multi-piece circular saw combined with the operating characteristics of single to double, single to multi-processing methods, not simply part of the normal single saw spindle lengthened.

Quality instability

Stone processing industry in the use of circular saw and plate processing capacity of the total amount of respect in the country dominates. Circular saw compared to other sawing machinery with a small investment, low cost, simple to use and flexible benefits.  grinding wheel  low productivity, product quality has always been plagued by instability problems business owners. In order to improve production efficiency,  polycrystalline diamond  quality, reduce production costs. Over the years, industry colleagues have made unremitting efforts and explore, from saw structure, saw the matrix, improvements to the diamond blade sawing process innovation and achieved remarkable results.

Noise control and optimal control brings blindness

As for the major noise source generates acoustic field distribution mechanism and little research, and therefore can only measure sawing noise analysis rather than quantitative estimates. This gives noise control and optimization of control brings blindness.  synthetic diamond powder  the main sound source, aerodynamic noise, resonance noise, mechanical noise that extensive research and analysis, mechanical  Abrasive grinding wheel noise dominates. In many of the mechanical noise, impulsive noise is a top priority, because in the sawing process, due to periodic sawtooth interaction with the workpiece to be cut, the equivalent of the blade and the workpiece are subject to a periodic pulse.

Saw during sawing noise pollution generated

In the construction and decoration industry widely used circular saw, because of its simple structure, wide application, easy maintenance, high production efficiency, can not currently be replaced by other cutting tools. However, this saw generated during  synthetic diamond  serious noise pollution, load noise, load noise, the noise spectrum showed a high   cutting tools and pulse characteristics, noise propagation distance, and very harsh, very irritable. Since cutting the complexity of noise generation mechanism, has long studied the rotating cutting noise mainly confined to the classification of the main sound source and transmission pathways analysis.

EDM grinding wheel dressing technology is first proposed a low-cost, practical

Discharge traditional diamond wheel dresser dressing as a non-contact technique is based on the power of physics, thermal melting and vaporization mechanism removing wheel binder, thus avoiding direct action and dressing tool superhard diamond abrasive contact with a promising trimming technologies. However, due to the discharge electrode with a conductive requirements can only be trimmed diamond wheel base brass or cast iron base and other conductive type diamond grinding wheel. For  Abrasive grinding wheel  resin bond and vitrified diamond grinding wheel, the traditional discharge trimming technology can not effectively applied. This paper proposes a method of spark trimmed to resin bond diamond grinding wheel, for example, for weakly conductive and non-conductive grinding wheel dressing.  Polycrystalline diamond  wheel dressing technology is first proposed a low-cost, practical superabrasive grinding wheel technology. EDM able erosion conductive diamond grinding wheel bond materials, mainly due to the spark discharge path between the poles of the instantaneous amount of heat generated, the instantaneous wheel surface temperature can bond the conductive material is melted or vaporized to form a discharge pit prominent grain, in order to achieve a conductive grinding wheel dressing.

Automation and many other advantages

The use of plasma arc spray on plain surface layer as a high-performance alloy material surface hardening techniques, with alloy material consumption, can spray a variety of alloy powder materials, can be dense low dilution rate surfacing, low cost high production efficiency, easy to  grinding wheel , and many other advantages, which in machinery, metallurgy, electric power, railway and many other fields more and more widely, and  synthetic diamond remarkable economic Pai 1 Bo. Currently using plasma arc spray material mainly iron, nickel-based and cobalt-based alloy powder. Nickel-based alloy spray coating not only has good high temperature performance, but also has good wear and corrosion resistance, which is widely used in petroleum, chemical, water, electricity, mining and other presence of corrosive wear.

Strength and fracture toughness was not satisfactory

The choice of tool materials turning and milling, carbide tool material used. When cutting difficult materials at high cutting temperatures, carbide often seem stiff enough, had to reduce the cutting speed to lower productivity for processing. CBN and ceramic materials, high temperature performance than carbide, but the strength and  Diamond blade toughness was not satisfied. CBN expensive, application is limited. In recent years, with advances in manufacturing technology, ceramic material  Abrasive grinding wheel fracture toughness has been considerable improvement in the level, but the price is not expensive, so applications are continuously expanding. Currently used machining ceramic materials are aluminum oxide and silicon nitride.

Affecting the spray coating improved oxidation resistance

However, due to the limitations imposed by thermal spray techniques, spray coating obtained there is often a component of uneven coarse microstructure and pores, holes and other defects, seriously affecting the spray coating to improve oxidation resistance. With laser technology matures, laser surface modification technology in actual Abrasive grinding wheel applications are increasingly widespread. Using thermal spray and laser remelting  synthetic diamond  for preparing a compound modified with good oxidation resistance of the alloy layer is a new attempt, not only can the high cost of thermal spray alloy layer structure has been further improved, and can be to further improve performance.

Minimize or inhibit the generation of high-temperature oxidation reactions

Parts operating at high temperatures are often severe oxidation of the surface of mechanical devices in the entire performance and service life is greatly shortened. Especially in metallurgy, chemical industry, energy and other areas each year due to damage caused by high  Polycrystalline diamond oxidation rather serious, so understanding and knowledge of materials, high-temperature oxidation of the law, to minimize or inhibit the generation of high-temperature oxidation and prolong the life of the workpiece, reducing corporate improve economic losses of great  synthetic diamond powder . Surface modification technology is to improve the mechanical properties of the material surface and oxidation resistance of the most cost-effective means by which thermal spray technology due process is simple, adaptable, etc., in the field of surface modification technology has been widely applied.

Develop integrated performance of the new brake drum material

Automobile brake drum brakes are the most common, but also an important guarantee for safe driving cars. As the car continued to speed, heavy other direction, the original material can not meet the growing demand, the development of new comprehensive  cubic boron nitride  brake drum material is a priority. Vanadium Vanadium is compacted graphite iron pig iron as raw material to obtain a new compacted graphite cast iron, with excellent overall performance, is an ideal material for the brake drum. Studied elements rich in vanadium-titanium-vanadium alloy pig iron as raw materials, with a special creep treatment, inoculation process to obtain  synthetic diamond  CGI approach, the test analyzes the compacted graphite iron vanadium-titanium mechanical properties, microstructure , microstructure, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, thickness and sensitivity vermicularizing recessionary designed Diamond blade compacted graphite iron brake drums gating system. Compared with vermicular iron vanadium and titanium vanadium-titanium gray cast iron in the mechanical properties, microstructure, wear resistance and thermal conductivity differences, analyzes the causes.

Occlusion lateral plate extrusion process analysis model

High-efficiency, energy-saving method to produce high quality claw pole parts, the production has become a serious problem. In this paper, the idea of ​​forming complex parts precision guidance, according to the occlusion extrusion theory, combined with composite molding technology for claw pole parts of their own characteristics, to develop a new claw pole parts warm / cold precision plastic composite extrusion  polycrystalline diamond  - occlusion lateral extrusion temperature / cold finishing. And this process can be carried out force parameter analysis, the establishment of occlusion plate lateral extrusion process analysis model, forming force deduced formula. On this basis, in order to warm occlusion lateral extrusion process,  grinding wheel  the process of numerical simulation and experimental research, obtained the metal forming process flow pattern and the stress and strain distribution, has been forming force - - stroke curve; studying the various process parameters on metal flow, stress and strain, forming force shaping the quality and impact of, and used as a basis for the process parameters were optimized, validated numerical simulation and experimental results and the correctness of the feasibility of the process.

Efficient way mirror grinding, ELID widely used

In various optical systems, the high reflection mirror has been widely applied, which fused silica, silicon, silicon carbide, and glass materials such as the most popular in some applications where very strict, with nanometer-scale surface roughness submicron form accuracy and low damage optical parts is very much needed as efficient mirror grinding method ELID (ELID) grinding is widely used in hard,  cubic boron nitride  such as processing mirror grinding, grinding after cutting the shape of the workpiece can get better accuracy and surface roughness, but will produce subsurface damage and abrasive wheels . these defects must be in a subsequent process for using free abrasive finishing process in recent years the development of magneto-rheological finishing Technology (MRF) is a micro-injury can reduce the surface, dents or scratches certainty optical parts processing methods. article analyzes and MRF finishing grinding mechanism and characteristics.

Future ultra-precision optical components are characterized by structural features of object processing

In the IC industry, to meet the modern requirements of microprocessors and other chips require more detailed characteristic width of the silicon surface with nanoscale surface accuracy and sub-nanometer surface roughness, while ensuring no deterioration of surface and sub-surface layer, without damage, which is close to the limit of surface  grinding wheel . The foreseeable future ultra-precision optical components are characterized by processing object structure characteristic scales in the tens of nanometers, the surface roughness in the sub-nanometer order of magnitude, while  Polycrystalline diamond  high processing efficiency, process stability. In the experimental process, based on the combination of 2 kinds of processes, carried out on the silicon nano-precision mirror processing of experiments obtained efficiently than the surface roughness and shape accuracy of the optical surface.

Optical element manufacturing precision and stability

High-precision optical components in these industries are widely used. In the field of space-based observations, as the core component of the optical system, optical components manufacturing precision and stability of the entire optical system imaging quality and reliability play a decisive role, requiring precision optical surface nanoscale  abrasive grinding , while the optical element also requires the elimination of all the processing may affect product safety or reducing  Diamond blade  element surface / sub-surface quality factor; the laser, the resonator mirrors requires a very smooth surface to minimize reflection losses, reduce the local thermal effects and increasing the optical damage threshold laser components;

Considering the cost of processing efficiency and

Selected cutting should meet the required criteria and optimization of cutting tools required reliability. Now, the most widely used process cost optimization criteria are guidelines, in addition, there is the principle of the shortest processing time and so on. In the author  cutting tools the optimization is to choose the smallest craft cost principle, this principle into account the processing efficiency and  abrasive grinding costs. According to this principle, choose a higher cutting speed and relatively low tool life is reasonable. In order to ensure stability of CNC machine tools and machining centers work and does not produce waste, it must ensure that the tool has a high operational reliability.

CNC machine tools and machining centers exist when cutting different views

Since CNC machine tools and machining centers prices are high, so the choice of cutting, we should take a different approach with the traditional. In determining the CNC machine tools and  Polycrystalline diamond cutting when there are different opinions. Due to the above machine prices high, many machining center price of an ordinary machine a few times, some scholars believe that cutting must be strengthened. In terms of this view, you can reduce the cost of the machine work in the parts  cutting tools costs in proportion, which is the positive side. However, the enhanced cutting will reduce the durability of the cutting tool, cutting tool needs to be changed frequently, thereby reducing productivity. And strengthen prone cutting waste and reduce the reliability of the machine.

Instantly provide a variety of facades require horizontal and vertical datum

Laser marking instrument in recent years the rise of building renovation instrument, which replaces the traditional plumb line and the horizontal ruler and other tools, laser horizontal and vertical lines displayed directly on the wall, intuitive, clear, convenient and durable, and easy to carry. The product can be used indoors and  synthetic diamond powder  provide a variety of facades in an instant need horizontal and vertical datum. The instrument display, high precision, 10m angle error is less than 3s. Its working principle is as follows: laser transmitter emits laser → optical system focusing (aspherical lens) → formed by a cylindrical  Abrasive grinding wheel or vertical lines → enlarged display in the building. Part of the key parts for the product, high-precision bearing assembly in which two φ9mm the hole, a small shaft through which the laser emitting device then passes through this small axes hanging at the top. Thus, even if the floor is uneven which can also be achieved automatically find the positive balance. The machining accuracy directly affects the detection accuracy of the instrument. Paper and process analysis as part of the rough parts ADC12 die casting, die-casting high dimensional accuracy can be achieved IT8, angle accuracy and low surface roughness can reach 1.6um.

Industrial application of a high degree

Discharge transient temperature field dressing grinding wheel surface, the wheel surface topography control technology for a systematic study for the development of low cost, high efficiency, wide adaptability, a high degree of industrial application EDM grinding technology foundation in theory . EDM for mist material ablation mechanism of a  abrasive grinding  study. To gas medium conductivity and   , based on a detailed analysis of the conductance and medium mist breakdown mechanism. Working medium is a  synthetic diamond  mist of gas and a mixture of fine droplets of the work, because the electric field distortion, mist dielectric breakdown voltage of the spark discharge is reduced to pure gas breakdown voltage about 1/3.

Analysis of the domestic polycrystalline diamond - carbide composite sheet in the microscopic structure

At home and abroad are generally used method of manufacturing high pressure high temperature sintering of polycrystalline diamond - carbide composite film. Polycrystalline Diamond Compact domestic performance and a wide gap between foreign advanced products, mainly in the low impact resistance, easy layering, chipping, cracking, etc.. This topic using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy,  abrasive wheels  spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microprobe analysis and other methods at home and abroad polycrystalline diamond - carbide composite sheet in the microstructure,  synthetic diamond  distribution differences, combined with an analysis of the existing sintering process, discussion of the mechanism  Synthetic diamond  differences; using scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, plasma emission spectroscopy methods such as key raw materials - diamond powder.

Oxidation resistance performance is greatly improved, to make up for the lack of common polycrystalline diamond

If the diamond surface coated with a layer of metal, high-pressure sintering process at high temperature, diamond can be a metal or alloy infiltrates well, even with the coating of diamond-metal or an alloy element in a chemical reaction of carbide, the formation of chemical bond, such that synthesized samples heat resistance, oxidation  synthetic diamond powder  and other properties have been greatly improved, made ​​up of ordinary polycrystalline diamond deficiencies in these areas, so as to improve tool life and performance purposes.  synthetic diamond  has been applied in the tool, but most studies on the diamond coating is that the interface between the synthetic diamond material aspects of the research has been reported rarely.

Polycrystalline diamond powder is constituted through the unsaturated linkage nano

It is different from the production of nano-detonation single crystal diamond. Hardness of single crystal diamond having a directivity, its crystal structure, crystal morphology, internal defects and crystal size. The polycrystalline diamond powder is connected to  cutting tools  bond,  Diamond blade  "aggregate polycrystalline particles," they are isotropic, no cleavage plane. Not only has the unmatched  abrasive wheels  and strength, but also has high toughness, and thus overcome the static pressure (mechanical top pressure) synthesized single crystal diamond material is easily brittle cleavage plane and detonation diamond soft reunion and other shortcomings.

Many countries have carried out UDD synthesis and application of research work

Diamond is a saturated, directional covalent crystals together, so it has a very high hardness and wear resistance. 1960s, the Soviet Institute of Technical Physics league with a negative oxygen  synthetic diamond  the first time carried out explosives detonation synthesis of ultra-dispersed diamonds (Ultradispered diamond, referred UDD)  abrasive grinding , followed by many countries have carried out the synthesis and application of UDD work.  Diamond blade  by decades of research and production, the production of raw materials, the defense industry, precision polishing, petrochemical, biomedical, electronics, mechanical, chemical and other fields has been widely used. Polycrystalline diamond powder is in strong shock waves cubic synthetic diamond crystals.

Once grown directly from graphite polycrystalline diamond

Currently in high pressure and temperature polycrystalline diamond prepared mainly two ways: one is the synthetic diamond from graphite, diamond powder and then by sintering; another is grown directly from a graphite polycrystalline diamond. Strong shock waves in the direct synthesis of artificial polycrystalline diamond powder, unlike the explosion Diamond blade  static production of single-crystal diamond.  abrasive grinding  of single crystal diamond having a directivity, and its crystal structure, crystal morphology,  synthetic diamond  defects and crystal size. Isotropic polycrystalline diamond, no cleavage plane, not only has a high hardness and strength, but also has good toughness, and thus easier to overcome the single-crystal diamond brittle fracture along cleavage planes and soft reunion shortcomings;

The earliest uses of synthetic diamond is an explosion France

Diamond as the hardest substance in nature, with a wide range of industrial applications. However, naturally occurring diamond is difficult to meet the various needs of human beings, so the world has launched a synthetic diamond research. Synthetic  synthetic diamond  method is used first, and then developed to the static method, which generates a high voltage using special diamond press while heating, under the action of the metal catalyst, the graphite into diamond. Explosion method and static  cutting tools  of diamond single crystal diamond. The polycrystalline diamond has rapidly applied geology, metallurgy and oil drilling and other industrial sectors.

Film for electronic cooling device, the function of the diamond coating and other high purity requirements

However, with the application of ultra-fine diamond depth study of the rising demand for its purity, in certain applications, its impurities (mainly refers to graphite, amorphous carbon, silicon compounds and certain metal elements) content very strict requirements, such as thermal coating for electronic devices, functional coating and other high purity requirements of the diamond, the presence of  polycrystalline diamond  may affect device performance, stability and longevity; ultra-fine polishing in the field, there is also the purity of the diamond high demand, the presence of  grinding wheel  reduce the overall hardness of the diamond, and so affect the polishing rate. Our country is the largest producer of synthetic diamond, a large number of low-quality diamond powder, this powder contains a small amount of non-diamond carbon, silicon compounds, and certain metals and other impurities, requires further purification.

Which has a macro-scale synthetic diamond has been widely used

The synthesis of diamond static method, explosion and detonation shock method, these synthesis methods of different diamond particle levels, must be purified and used for  cutting tools  can be graded. Which has a macro-scale synthetic diamond has been widely used, and nano (micro) scale diamond applied research, after ten years of development, in the ultra-precision  abrasive wheels , abrasion coating, oil-modified polymer composite materials, computer chips and printed circuits, etc., has made remarkable achievements, and shows a very bright future.

There is a super-sized coarse grinding and polishing will make naught

Determination of particle size diamond powder to make convenient and time-saving. Abrasive diamond powder mainly for freedom, particle size control is particularly important. As long as there is a super-sized coarse grinding and polishing will make naught. Powder particle size was measured in many ways, however, people's attention is to have a practical approach,  synthetic diamond the existence of a particle image automatic analysis device. According to the user's perspective powder, most accurate  abrasive grinding of the particle should be tested as to surround a particle diameter equal to the projected diameter of the circle. This means taking into account the particles from the particle count obtained may appear on the distribution curve peak, and to ensure that even in adverse conditions, yet they are not so coarse mixed product. The irregular shape of the direction of varying particle under a microscope to measure the longest axis and the true diameter circle, but it is very difficult. Use a commercially available television camera automatic device, experience has proved not reach sufficient accuracy;

Difficult to form the diamond substrate and a metallurgical bond with the surface chemistry

The inert surface of the diamond is large, with a variety of binders large difference between the wetting properties, it is difficult to form the surface of the substrate and the diamond chemical metallurgical bonding with the matrix holding the diamond weak.  Diamond blade of diamond powder, diamond powder products are mainly stage sintering furnace by sintering compacts, sintered diamond tools and general process, the sintering temperature is influenced by changes in diamond  synthetic diamond  temperature limit, the binder of the diamond easily not strong bonding between the diamond or cause burning, and for shaped diamond powder products (such as sawtooth workpiece, the workpiece surface, etc.), the use of conventional pressure sintering method is difficult to achieve, the current general shaped workpieces by means of rapid prototyping to get.

Found stable jet classifier, a uniform velocity distribution is to improve the classification of the key to effective

Studied fine diamond powder fluid classification technology, designed a jet classifier, and diamond powder dispersed in water were studied. Study found that the jet classifier stable, uniform velocity distribution is the key to improve the grading effect, the jet fully developed pipe flow velocity sections obtained relatively uniform  cubic boron nitride  field, the grading points are located in this section obtain better classification results. Entrainment flow jet formation can get a good secondary dispersion powders. Meanwhile, the fluid flow rate, feed rate, feed location, also have a  synthetic diamond on the classification results. To improve classification results, the paper diamond powder dispersed in water for a preliminary exploration.that the diamond powder dispersed in pure water is poor, however, by adding an electrolyte dispersing agent can improve dispersibility in water. Sodium silicate and sodium pyrophosphate diamond powder is a good dispersant, the dispersion liquid concentration 1g / L ~ 1.5g / L the optimum dispersion.

Particle size and distribution width of two key technical indicators are in line with international advanced standards diamond powder classification technology

Ultra-fine diamond powder as raw materials, using traditional techniques to solve the current domestic fine diamond powder can only be purified to ninety-seven% less this problem as the goal, and diamond powder products for domestic and international technical standards huge gap status, size and distribution width of two key technical indicators are in line with international advanced standards diamond powder  polycrystalline diamond technology. The paper also explores the purification process of the ultrafine diamond powder grading, purification and grading will combine. The reagent-treated fine powder was washed by centrifugation, adding a  abrasive wheels of the surface active agent, and observed under the microscope. By a large number of experiments, we developed a new purification method for fine diamond powder: the dedicated reagent strong ultrasonic dispersion, prepared open diamond  synthetic diamond formed during impurities, which is due to high temperature and pressure such that the resultant diamond single crystal particles and the reaction raw materials, additives, catalysts and other closely bonded together and form, thus increasing the contact area of ​​the reagent, the effect to improve the decomposition of impurities.+

Impurity content, particle size classification, particle morphology and applicability

When we get a diamond powder of the sample, how to test and judge its quality grade, through many domestic and sample testing, feel the current national standard JB/T7990-1998 has some shortcomings, it should be revised and improved as soon as possible to  cubic boron nitride the diamond micronized the needs of industry. Also found that the domestic production of diamond powder, and Europe and other developed countries, the quality compared to similar products, there is a large gap, especially in the impurity content, particle size classification, particle morphology and  synthetic diamond , a far cry. diamond powder samples home and abroad through extensive testing and evaluation, differences in the quality of their produce and the reasons for the different levels of depth and detailed study on how to improve the quality grade diamond powder, and then catch up with the world advanced level path. The quality factor diamond powder diamond powder particle mass elements are marked, particle size distribution, particle morphology, impurity content and grinding performance.

Pressure sintering using conventional methods is difficult to achieve

Instruments of diamond powder, diamond powder products are mainly stage sintering furnace by sintering compacts, sintered diamond tools and general process, the sintering temperature is influenced by changes in  Diamond blade graphitization temperature limit, the binder of the diamond easily not strong bonding between the diamond or cause burning, and for shaped diamond powder products (such as sawtooth workpiece, the workpiece surface, etc.), the use of conventional pressure sintering method is difficult to achieve, the current general shaped workpieces by means of  synthetic diamond powder obtained benefit from this method, using a laser to make powder compacts fast heating and subsequently cooling rapidly the characteristics of the entire sintering process time can be greatly reduced at higher  synthetic diamond to avoid excessive burning of diamond, diamond tools combined conventional sintering techniques proposed new diamond powder tool manufacturing method --- diamond powder compacts laser sintering, can reduce diamond burning, improve the sintered body of the diamond substrate holding force, but also for shaped sintered .

Ti-containing powder compacts is more susceptible to oxidation

Process Study showed that: ① sintered in a non-protective atmosphere containing Ti powder compacts is more susceptible to oxidation, powder for powder wettability is poor, wear resistance is lower. ② amount of  Diamond blade  increases (amount of the scanning speed decreases), is conducive to the densification of sintered parts and strong carbide forming elements on the diamond powder infiltration, but if the energy of the laser input line exceeds a certain threshold will result in  polycrystalline diamond . When the spot diameter is 8.5mm, the laser power of 550W, scanning speed 1100mm/min under sintering conditions, powder sintering tool has the best performance. ③ The same process parameters, since the laser  grinding wheel compacts composition non-uniformity, surface state powder and metal binding properties and differences. For the laser sintering process in a variety of different phenomena, the sintering mechanism were studied intensively

Developed a new purification method for ultra-fine diamond powder

Also discussed in the purification process of the ultrafine diamond powder grading, purification and grading will combine. The reagent-treated fine powder was washed by centrifugation, adding a certain proportion of the surface active agent, and observed under the microscope. By a large number of experiments, we developed a new  abrasive wheels  for fine diamond powder: the dedicated reagent strong ultrasonic dispersion, prepared open diamond agglomerates formed during impurities, which is due to high  abrasive grinding pressure such that the resultant diamond single crystal particles and the reaction raw materials, additives,  Polycrystalline diamond other closely bonded together and form, thus increasing the contact area of ​​the reagent, the effect to improve the decomposition of impurities, finally obtained purified to more than 99.95% ultra-fine diamond powder.

Trends whether natural or synthetic diamond powder are today's international one kind of super fine abrasive

Diamond powder is a super fine abrasive, in science and industrial applications more widely. As high-tech development, the production of diamond powder some noteworthy trends. Keywords diamond powder, uses, trends whether natural or synthetic diamond powder are today's international one kind of super fine abrasive. With the development of high  cutting tools , it is in the industrial sector more widely. In the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union used in industry, 70% of the natural diamond is made ​​of  abrasive wheels used for crushing, grinding paste diamond and diamond tools. Since artificial stone into industrial-scale production later this part of the natural  abrasive grinding has almost all been replaced by synthetic diamond. According to statistics, by the end of the 1960s, the Soviet Union manufactured diamond tools, 95% were using synthetic diamond, only 5% is made of natural diamond. In the 1990s, the former Soviet Union's annual output of about synthetic diamond reach 100 million carats.

Fixed to the spindle head of the tool electrode and the workpiece fixed on the table

Fixed to the spindle head of the tool electrode and the workpiece fixed on the table, respectively, with two high-frequency pulse power supply connected to the output, the first drive shaft of the tool electrode of hollow thin-walled tubular high-speed rotation, while the high-pressure gas through the intermediate electrode the media will discharge machining debris produced during machining away. This  abrasive wheels  overcomes the kerosene and other liquid media will produce harmful gases caused by  Abrasive grinding wheel  pollution problems; tool electrode liquid medium without limitation, in any direction, machining scope. Green is an efficient processing methods. The discharge process mainly through discharge between the workpiece and the tool electrode generates heat, melt the workpiece material, gasification and thrown, and thus the heat flow is the main material removal. Discharge machining process of the discharge surface of the workpiece size and depth of pits are made of a single energy pulse discharge decision.

Resulting composite sheet deformation of the sequence after processing has brought great difficulties

A large area of ​​polycrystalline diamond with high hardness, high wear resistance, high utilization of materials can, in the automotive, aerospace, wood processing, oil industry, geological drilling, electronic industry and other fields are widely used, but it is also a great difficulty of processing . The most effective method is to discharge  abrasive wheels , the material removal rate was 12.56 mm3/min. Since the discharge channel during processing with high temperature and pressure, after processing of polycrystalline diamond surface residual stress inevitably, resulting deformation of the composite sheet, after the sequence of machining led to great difficulties, thus seriously affecting the composite sheet the processing quality. Therefore, studying a large area polycrystalline diamond compact EDM grinding process  polycrystalline diamond  field and residual stress distribution, to reveal the EDM grinding mechanism and to improve the quality of products is important. At present, many domestic and foreign scholars on the single pulse EDM  Diamond blade  and stress field in a lot of research, but the actual processing is continuous pulse, so the simulation results with the actual situation is still some distance away, this paper studies EDM mechanism, based on the initial spark for polycrystalline diamond compact continuous pulse discharge grinding process workpiece surface temperature field, stress field distribution and the deformation of the workpiece material were simulated and analyzed.

The results show that the gas spark discharge is started by the breakdown

Gas medium is a green discharge machining process, so that the processing method by domestic and foreign scholars in the field of EDM research attention, EDM research in the field is one of the hotspots. Spark discharge mechanism for gas conducted in-depth research. The results show that the gas breakdown spark discharge is started, and gradually developed into the streamer breakdown formed; gas discharge  Abrasive grinding  than the liquid discharge channel expansion fast; gas discharge process galvanic corrosion products mainly thrown by thermal explosive, high-pressure air blowing force, the magnetic hydrodynamic result of joint action, and for brittle materials, thermal stress erosion plays a dominant role. Single pulse for a spark discharge gas experiment results show that the positive polarity  cubic boron nitride  the workpiece on a single pulse discharge pit ratio to be negative when processing large, and the positive polarity monopulse processing anode is higher than the cathode erosion amount of erosion; compressed air discharge medium single pulse discharge pits  cutting tools  air of the single pulse discharge pits should be large, and the shape of the discharge pits due to airflow blowing action extends along a certain direction; gas both the single pulse discharge pit with the increase of discharge energy.

Successful trial of synthetic diamond and put into production

First Machinery Ministry research units and factories in the country many research institutes and factories strong support and assistance, self-reliance, a successful trial of  cutting tools  diamond and put into production. Synthetic diamond is an  abrasive grinding  developed in recent years of new products, the production of such products on the technical preparation demanding. Its performance with natural diamond, as is the development of modern industry indispensable thing. Only a few countries in the world to produce the synthetic diamond.

The system energy change occurs in favor of the solid structural changes such electronic

If the energy change in favor of this occurs in the solid changes in the electronic structure, the high temperature phase transition occurs in the solid state, or may occur in the molten state or vapor state. This change occurred in the melt condition that the bonding characteristics of the distribution of the valence  polycrystalline diamond  statistical weight reduction effect tends to disappear remote orderly, coordination number is changed; the electronic excited state statistical weight chemotaxis to increase the role of short-range order corresponding enhancement. This change occurred in the gas condition that elemental interatomic or  abrasive grinding  bonding of the compound of the electron energy levels tend to disappear, all electronic transfers to a single atom or molecule level up, so that the electrons in the excited state is more statistical weight is increased. Accordingly, synthetic diamond can be solid, but also may be in the melt state and the vapor state conditions, depending on the pressure, temperature and component concentration and other factors can cause changes in the system. From the kinetic point of view, but also requires a carbonaceous material such as graphite into diamond with an appropriate transition rate.

Grinding tools, durability comparable unground improve

Practice shows that, after careful grinding tools, unmilled comparable durability increased by 50 percent. Using a cooling lubricant can reduce the temperature of the cutting zone and reduce tool and workpiece, the friction between the tool and the chip, to improve the tool life is advantageous. Experiments show that, with the emulsion  cutting tools  the cutting zone temperature 50 ℃ ~ 100 ℃, with cutting oil can reduce the cutting zone temperature 40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃. Therefore, high-speed steel cutting tool under conditions of heavy load, the multi-use aqueous cooling lubricants, cutting load lighter and requires high precision and surface roughness  abrasive grinding  are much lower with lubricant oil, the tool and lubricating film formed between the workpiece surface, to reduce friction. Carbide good heat resistance, generally without coolant, but in general steel with high-temperature  Polycrystalline diamond  finishing materials, in order to improve the durability of the tool, to ensure accuracy and surface roughness of the workpiece can also be used extreme pressure cutting oil emulsion or cooling lubrication. In summary, our analysis clearly affect the tool life of these factors and the relationship between them, may be based on the specific circumstances of the workpiece material, selection of appropriate materials and cutting tool, select the appropriate tool geometry, quality assurance tool sharpening and cooling lubrication conditions, in order to protect the higher tool life.

The strength of the workpiece material, the higher the hardness, the higher the cutting temperature generated, the faster tool wear

The strength of the workpiece material, the higher the hardness, the higher the cutting temperature generated, the faster tool wear, tool life is lower. Cutting carbon structural steel, carbon steel for tool life have a greater impact. The higher the carbon content, the proportion of cementite and pearlite greater the higher the hardness,  Polycrystalline diamond . Therefore, when the high-carbon steel cutting tool wear faster, lower durability; carbon steel cutting tool wear is relatively slow, durability is relatively high. Further processing of the material elongation of  Diamond blade  thermal conductivity, are to make the cutting temperature, reduced tool life. Tool material impact on tool life tool cutting part of the material affect tool life is a major factor in improving the cutting tool material, the use of high, the more wear and durability is also higher. Quality tool  grinding wheel  and cooling lubrication conditions on tool life of tool sharpening quality durability of the tool has a great influence. Such as cemented carbide cutting tools with silicon carbide grinding wheel, if no fine whetstone grinding, due to the small gap serrated blade, the higher front flank surface roughness and other reasons, the tool wear faster, low durability, and sometimes also easy chipping.

The impact of tool life was "hump-shaped"

Tool geometry parameters on the tool life of:Durability of the rake angle of the tool is clear, and too large, the blade reduces the strength, heat is poor, and easily damaged; if too small and the cutting force and the cutting temperature is increased too much, the durability of both cases are  polycrystalline diamond  rake angle influence on tool life was "hump-shaped", which is the highest peak of the anterior horn durability. Main angle decreases,  Polycrystalline diamond  strength,  Diamond blade  heat dissipation, durability increased. Furthermore appropriately reduced and vice angle increases the tool nose radius can increase strength and improve heat dissipation, so that tool life increased. Tool geometry parameters on the tool life have a more significant impact, is reasonable and advanced tool geometry is one important indicator of whether or not.